Writing
Code
Other
Clean up
Shortcuts: Ctrl/Cmd + Enter copies the result, Ctrl/Cmd + Z undoes the last clean-up.
Why use this over a basic case converter
Private by default
Every conversion runs in your browser. Nothing you paste is uploaded, logged or stored anywhere.
Real style-guide rules
Title case follows AP, APA, Chicago and MLA conventions properly, not a naive "capitalise every word" pass.
Built-in clean-up
Strip double spaces, line breaks and duplicate lines before you convert — handy for text pasted from a PDF or email.
Code-safe cases
camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, CONSTANT_CASE and more, for when you're renaming variables, not just writing.
Undo history
Every clean-up and find-and-replace can be undone in order, so it's safe to experiment.
Live text stats
Character, word, sentence and line counts update as you type, with an estimated reading time.
More case converters
Uppercase to Lowercase Converter · Lowercase to Uppercase Converter · Capitalize Text Online · camelCase Converter · snake_case Converter
Which case should you use?
Most people arrive here after leaving Caps Lock on, or because a title needs to match a house style. The writing cases handle both. The code cases exist because renaming a variable by hand is tedious and error-prone.
| Case | Example | Where it is used |
|---|---|---|
| UPPERCASE | ANNUAL REPORT | Emphasis, headings, form labels. Hard to read in long runs. |
| lowercase | annual report | Fixing accidental caps, informal writing, email addresses. |
| Sentence case | Annual report | Body text, headlines in most British style guides, UI labels. |
| Title Case | The Annual Report | Headlines and titles, following a style guide's rules on short words. |
| Capital Case | The Annual Report | Every word capitalised regardless of length. Common in menus and buttons. |
| camelCase | annualReport | Variables and functions in JavaScript, Java and C#. |
| PascalCase | AnnualReport | Class and component names, including React components. |
| snake_case | annual_report | Python variables, database columns, file names. |
| CONSTANT_CASE | ANNUAL_REPORT | Constants and environment variables. |
| kebab-case | annual-report | URLs, CSS class names, HTML attributes. |
| dot.case | annual.report | Config keys, namespaced properties, some log formats. |
| path/case | annual/report | File paths and route segments. |
Title case is not one thing
Title Case here follows the most common convention: capitalise everything except short articles, conjunctions and prepositions, and always capitalise the first and last word. But style guides disagree about which words count as short, and about hyphenated compounds. AP capitalises prepositions of four letters or more; Chicago keeps them lowercase whatever the length.
If the difference matters for what you are writing, the title case converter lets you pick between AP, APA, Chicago and MLA and explains what changes between them.
Sentence case and the things that break it
Sentence case sounds simple — capitalise the first letter, lowercase the rest — but lowercasing everything destroys proper nouns, and naive tools capitalise after every full stop including the one in "Dr." or "e.g." This converter capitalises after sentence-ending punctuation, restores the standalone pronoun "I" and its contractions, and leaves existing capitals inside words alone so acronyms like NASA and names like iPhone survive. There is more on the edge cases on the sentence case page.
Working with longer text
Text pasted out of a PDF or an email arrives with problems that a case change will not fix: doubled spaces, line breaks in the middle of sentences, repeated lines from a bad copy. The clean-up buttons handle those separately from the case conversion, so you can strip the line breaks first and then apply Sentence case to what is left. Undo steps back through clean-ups one at a time if a change removes more than you wanted.
How to change the case of your text
Paste your text into the box, or press Paste from clipboard, then choose the case you want from the buttons grouped under Writing, Code and Other. The result appears underneath and you can copy it with one click, or download it as a .txt file. Your original text stays in the input box, so you can try several cases in a row without retyping. Use Replace all if you also need to find and swap a word or phrase throughout the text.
The Clean up buttons deal with problems that are not about case at all: extra spaces, line breaks, duplicate lines, empty lines and spaces at the start or end of each line. These are useful when text has been copied from a PDF, an email or a web page, where line breaks and double spaces often appear in the middle of sentences. Clean the text first, then change its case.
What each case does
UPPERCASE and lowercase
Uppercase turns every letter into a capital and lowercase turns every letter into a small letter. They are the simplest conversions and are often used to fix text typed with caps lock on, or to prepare text for systems that are case-sensitive.
Sentence case
Sentence case capitalises the first letter of each sentence and makes the rest lowercase, as ordinary writing does. It is the usual choice for body text, emails, captions and many modern headings.
Title Case and Capital Case
Title Case capitalises the main words of a heading and leaves small words such as “of” and “the” in lowercase, following the style rules offered on this page. Capital Case simply capitalises the first letter of every word, which is useful for names and labels but not for formal titles.
camelCase and PascalCase
These join words together without spaces. In camelCase, the first word is lowercase and each following word starts with a capital, as in userFirstName. PascalCase capitalises the first word too, as in UserFirstName. They are common for variable, function and class names in programming languages.
snake_case, CONSTANT_CASE, kebab-case, dot.case and path/case
These join words with a separator instead of capitals. snake_case uses underscores and is common in Python and database column names. CONSTANT_CASE is the uppercase version, often used for fixed values. kebab-case uses hyphens and is common in web addresses and CSS class names. dot.case and path/case use dots and slashes, as seen in configuration keys and file paths.
aLtErNaTiNg, sWaP cAsE and esreveR
These are for fun and special effects. Alternating case switches between lowercase and uppercase letter by letter, swap case flips the case of each letter, and reverse writes the text backwards.
Common reasons to change case
- Fixing caps lock accidents. A paragraph typed in capitals can be turned into sentence case in a second.
- Writing headlines. Switch a list of working titles to title case, or to sentence case if your publication prefers it.
- Preparing data. Make a column of names, product codes or tags consistent before importing it into a spreadsheet or database.
- Renaming variables and files. Convert a phrase to camelCase, snake_case or kebab-case when naming code, folders or web addresses.
- Standardising email lists. Lowercasing addresses helps with matching and removing duplicates.
Things to check after converting
A converter works on letters, not meaning, so some results need a quick read. Names such as McDonald or iPhone, acronyms like NASA, and words that are always capitalised, such as the pronoun “I”, may need correcting after a sentence case conversion. Dates, product codes and abbreviations are another area to look over. For a headline, read it once to make sure the capitals look right. For code, check that the converted name still matches your project’s naming conventions, because some teams treat acronyms differently, for example HttpRequest versus HTTPRequest.
Working with accented and non-English text
The upper and lowercase conversions handle letters with accents, such as é and ü, in the same way as plain letters. Rules for what counts as a title or a sentence differ between languages, though, so for German nouns or French titles you may want to use lowercase or sentence case and then adjust by hand rather than relying on English title rules.
Privacy
Conversions run in your browser, and the text you paste is not sent anywhere. See the privacy policy for details.
- Is my text sent anywhere?
- No. Every conversion runs in your browser using JavaScript. Nothing is uploaded, logged or stored, and the tool works offline once the page has loaded.
- Is there a length limit?
- No fixed limit. A full-length article converts instantly; very large documents, in the range of hundreds of thousands of words, may pause briefly while your browser works through them.
- Why does Title Case leave some words lowercase?
- Because that is what title case means in most style guides. Words like "of", "and" and "the" stay lowercase unless they open or close the title. If you want every word capitalised, use Capital Case instead.
- Does it handle accented characters and other alphabets?
- Yes. Case conversion uses your browser's built-in Unicode handling, so accented Latin characters, Greek and Cyrillic all convert correctly.
- Can I undo a clean-up?
- Yes. Undo steps back through your clean-up and replace actions in order. Switching between cases does not change your original text, so nothing is lost by trying a few.
- How do I change text from uppercase to lowercase?
- Paste the text and press lowercase, or use Sentence case if you want the first letter of each sentence capitalised. Copy the result when you are happy with it.
- What is the difference between Title Case and Capital Case?
- Title Case follows style-guide rules and leaves small words such as “of” and “the” in lowercase, while Capital Case capitalises the first letter of every word.
- Which case should I use for code?
- Follow your language or project conventions. camelCase and PascalCase are common in JavaScript and Java, snake_case in Python and databases, kebab-case in web addresses and CSS, and CONSTANT_CASE for fixed values.
- Can I remove line breaks from text copied from a PDF?
- Yes. Use Remove line breaks under Clean up, and Remove extra spaces if the text also contains double spaces, then convert the case.
- Can I download the result?
- Yes. Use Copy result to copy it, or Download .txt to save it as a plain text file.